CT Calcium Score
A CT calcium score, also known as CTCS, is a non-invasive imaging test that evaluates the amount of calcium-containing plaque in the coronary arteries—the vessels that supply blood to your heart. The amount of calcium detected correlates directly with the level of plaque build-up, which is a key marker of coronary artery disease (CAD).
The calcium score is a valuable tool for assessing your risk of heart attack, stroke, or other heart-related events, especially if you do not yet show symptoms. It is particularly useful for individuals with risk factors such as family history, smoking, or high blood pressure, but who may not fall clearly into high- or low-risk categories based on other assessments.
The test results help your doctor determine whether any preventive treatments or lifestyle changes are needed.
How Does It Work?
To calculate your calcium score, a CT cardiac scan is performed using specialised X-ray technology that takes high-resolution images of your heart. These images show the presence and extent of calcified plaque within the coronary arteries.
- A negative score (0) means no calcium is detected—indicating a very low risk of coronary artery disease.
A positive score suggests that some calcification is present, and the amount of calcium found can predict your future risk of heart disease or stroke.
Why Might You Need It?
A CT calcium score may be recommended if you are at intermediate risk of heart disease or if your doctor wants to clarify your risk profile. It’s particularly helpful for:
- Individuals with a family history of heart disease
- Middle-aged adults with emerging risk factors
- People with borderline high cholesterol, blood pressure, or blood sugar
- Smokers or those with a history of smoking
- Overweight or inactive individuals
Patients experiencing unexplained chest pain without clear diagnostic findings
What Does It Test For? What Does It Show?
CTCS testing measures the presence and amount of calcium in the coronary arteries. Calcium is a marker of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and indicates plaque build-up, even before symptoms develop.
Calcium scores typically fall within the following ranges:
- 0: No detectable plaque – very low risk
- 1–99: Mild evidence of plaque – low to moderate risk
- 100–399: Moderate plaque build-up – increased risk
- 400 and above: Extensive plaque – high risk of coronary artery disease and heart events
This information helps guide treatment decisions, such as whether to start cholesterol-lowering medications, lifestyle changes, or further testing.