Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)—also known as Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)—is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace a diseased aortic valve with a new valve made from natural animal tissue. The aortic valve plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body.
In conditions such as aortic stenosis, the valve becomes narrowed or stiffened, making it difficult for blood to flow through. This forces the heart to work harder and may eventually lead to symptoms like breathlessness, chest pain, and increased risk of heart failure. TAVI helps restore proper blood flow, relieve strain on the heart, and improve quality of life.
What does it do?
TAVI is designed to treat aortic stenosis, a condition where the aortic valve no longer opens properly. In a healthy heart, the valve opens and closes fully with each heartbeat to allow oxygen-rich blood to reach the body. When it becomes narrowed, the heart must pump harder, increasing the risk of heart failure and other complications.
By replacing the damaged valve with a new one, TAVI restores efficient blood flow and reduces the likelihood of serious complications associated with untreated aortic stenosis.
How does it work?
TAVI is a minimally invasive procedure, meaning it does not require open-heart surgery. A new valve is guided into the heart through a catheter, usually inserted through a blood vessel in the groin or under the collarbone. The new valve is positioned inside the old one, where it expands and takes over its function.
Initially developed for patients at high surgical risk, TAVI is now a recommended option for many low- and intermediate-risk patients as well.
Why is it performed?
TAVI may be recommended if you:
- Have moderate to severe aortic stenosis
- Are experiencing symptoms such as breathlessness or fatigue
- Are at high risk or not suitable for open-heart surgery
It can be a life-saving treatment that improves symptoms, cardiac function, and overall quality of life.
The procedure
TAVI is typically performed under local or general anaesthesia. A catheter with a balloon and the new valve is inserted into an artery and guided to the heart. Once in position at the aortic valve, the balloon is inflated to implant the new valve. The old valve is pushed aside, and the new one takes over its function. After confirming that the valve is working properly, the catheter is removed, and the procedure is completed.
Recovery
After the procedure, you’ll be closely monitored in hospital and typically discharged within a few days once it is safe to return home. Some bruising or mild discomfort near the insertion site is expected but usually resolves quickly.
Most patients are able to gradually return to normal activities, with full recovery expected in several weeks, depending on individual health status.